Group+4

media type="custom" key="5648827" Danny media type="custom" key="5627727" Group 4!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!







danny chloroplast - the function is a site of photosynthesis. The structure is composed of two layer membrane. They are organelles found in all higher plant cells. It has a double outer membrane. These organelles have the plants chloropyll, that provides the green color. They are the food producers of the cell. The Stroma is a place inside the chloroplast where reactions happen and sugars are created. They use photosynthesis to get the job done. They contain the inner part of the cell.

Thiago Nucleus- the brain of the cell. it controls what the cell does. Inside of it there are molecules that are tiny. The Nucleus has a nuclear envelope, nuceolous, chromatin, and nucleoplasma. Its structure has two membranes with fluid filled space.The inside of the Nucleus is made up of thin stans of DNA. It is also connected to the Endoplasm Retelem.

Thiago Endoplasmic reticulum- This organelle has two types a soft one and a rough one. They both have similar jobs. The rough ER is surrounded by ribosomes and also makes protean. The soft one transports chemicals and protean from the rough ER. They both act like a packaging machine. This organelle is in both cells.

(Plant Cell) Cell Wall- The structure that froms the tough outer covering just outside the cell membrane in plant cellas. It supports and protects the cell.

Structure-
 * a non-living secretion of the cell membrane, composed of cellulose
 * cellulose fibrils deposited in alternating layers for strength
 * contains pits (openings) that make it totally permeable function

Function-
 * provides protection from physical injury
 * together with vacuole, provide skeletal support

= = While cell membranes might be around every cell, cell walls made of cellulose are only found around __[|plant cells] __ . Cell walls are made of specialized sugars called cellulose. Cellulose provides a protected framework for a plant cell to survive. It's like taking a water balloon and putting it in a cardboard box. The balloon is protected from the outside world. Cellulose is called a structural carbohydrate (complex sugar) because it is used in protection and support.

Cell walls also help a plant keep its shape. While they do protect the cells, cell walls and cellulose also allow plants to grow to great heights. While you have a skeleton to hold you up, a 100-foot tall red wood tree does not. It uses the strong cell walls to maintain its shape. For smaller plants, cell walls are slightly elastic. Wind can push them over and then they bounce back. Big redwoods need strength in high winds and sway very little (except at the top).

A cell wall is not a fortress around the delicate plant cell. There are small holes in the wall that let nutrients, waste, and irons pass through. Those holes are called plasmodesmata. These holes have a problem: water can also be lost. But even when the plant cell loses water, the basic shape is maintained by the cell walls. So if a plant is drooping because it needs water, it can recover when water is added. It will look just the same as when it started.

= = You may hear about cell walls in other areas of biology. Bacteria also have a structure called a cell wall. Fungi and some protozoa also have cell walls. They are not the same. Only plant cell walls are made out of cellulose. The other walls might be made from proteins or a substance called chitin. They all serve the same purpose of protecting and maintaining structure, but they are very different molecules.

~Lindsay~

(both plant and animals cells) Golgi Apparatus- The structure that takes the materials from the endoplasm reticulum and finishes processing them.

Structure-
 * stacks of flattened sacs of unit membrane(cisternae)
 * versicles pinch off the edges

Function-
 * modifies chemicals to make them functional
 * secretes chemicals in tiny vesicles
 * stores chemicals
 * may produce endoplasm reticulum


 * The **Golgi apparatus ** or Golgi complex is found in most cells. It is another **packaging organelle ** like the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It was named after Camillo Golgi, an Italian biologist. It is pronounced GOL-JI in the same way you would say squee-gie, as soft a "G" sound. While layers of membranes may look like the rough ER, they have a very different function.

The Golgi complex gathers simple molecules and combines them to make molecules that are more complex. It then takes those big molecules, packages them in **vesicles **, and either stores them for later use or sends them out of the cell. It is also the organelle that builds lysosomes (cell digestion machines). Golgi complexes in the plant may also create complex sugars and send them off in secretory vesicles. The vesicles are created in the same way the ER does it. The vesicles are pinched off the membranes and float through the cell.

The Golgi complex is a series of membranes shaped like pancakes. The single membrane is similar to the cell membrane in that it has two layers. The membrane surrounds an area of fluid where the complex molecules (proteins, sugars, enzymes) are stored and changed. Because the Golgi complex absorbs vesicles from the rough ER, you will also find ribosomes in those pancake stacks.

The Golgi complex works closely with the rough ER. When a protein is made in the ER, something called a **transition vesicle **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"> is made. This vesicle or sac floats through the cytoplasm to the Golgi apparatus and is absorbed. After the Golgi does its work on the molecules inside the sac, a **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">secretory vesicle **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"> is created and released into the cytoplasm. From there, the vesicle moves to the cell membrane and the molecules are released out of the cell. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"> ~Lindsay~

danny Vacuhole- The structure of a single layer of membrane with enclosed water pouch. The function that produces pressure against a cell wall for help. Vacuoles are storage bubbles found in cells. You can find them in animal or plant cells. They are much larger in plant cells. Vacuoles might store anything you need to survive. They can even store waste products so the rest of the cell can survive of contamination. Eventually those waste products will be sent out of the cell. There is membrane that surrounds a mass or fluid. Plants may also use vacuoles to store water. When a plant cell has stopped growing,there is usually one big vacuole. Sometimes that vacuole can take up more than half the cells volume. The vacuole holds alot of food or water. The vacuoles hold onto things the cell may need, just like a pouch.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #ff0098; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">~*Regan Kenny*~ RIBOSOMES .Definition- uses information from the nucleus to get the materials it needs to build proteins. .Structure- has no membrane, is round, has ribonucleic acid, and has protein enzymes. .Function- site of protein synthesis

CELL MEMBRANE .Definition-a biological wall that seperates the inside of the cell from the outside world. .Structure-has protein, an fat molecules. .Function-acts as a boundary layer to keep fluid in cell, binds cells together, only certain chemicals can pass in and out of the cell.

CYTOPLASM .Definition-is the fluid that fils the cell, there are many diferent fluids that fill the cell. .Structure-is mostly water .Function-uses dissolved enzymes to break down all of those larger molecules.



danny Mitochondria- the structure is made of modified two unit membrane. The function is that it releases chemical energy from food. Mitochondria are very small organelles. Mitochondria have two membranes. The outer membranes cover the organelles. The inner membrane folds over a lot.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">(animal cell) Lysosome

Structure-
 * membrane bound bag containing hydrolytic enzymes
 * hydrolytic enzyme =(water split biological catalyst) i.e. using water to split chemical bonds

Function- break large molecules into small molecules that your cells can use.

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> You will find organelles called **<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">lysosomes **<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> in nearly every animal-like eukaryotic cell. Lysosomes hold **<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">enzymes **<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> that were created by the cell. The purpose of the lysosome is to **<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">digest **<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">things. They might be used to digest food or break down the cell when it dies.

A lysosome is basically a specialized **<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">vesicle **<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> that holds a variety of enzymes. The enzyme proteins are first created in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Those proteins are packaged in a vesicle and sent to the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi then does its final work to create the digestive enzymes and pinches off a small, very specific vesicle. That vesicle is a lysosome. From there the lysosomes float in the cytoplasm until they are needed. Lysosomes are single-membrane organelles.

Since lysosomes are little digestion machines, they go to work when the cell absorbs or eats some food. Once the material is inside the cell, the lysosomes attach and release their enzymes. The enzymes break down complex molecules that can include complex sugars and proteins. But what if food is scarce and the cell is starving? The lysosomes go to work even if there is no food for the cell. When the signal is sent out, lysosomes will actually digest the cell organelles for nutrients.

Here's something scientists are still trying to figure out. If the lysosome holds many types of enzymes, how can the lysosome survive? Lysosomes are designed to break down complex molecules and pieces of the cell. Why don't the enzymes break down the membrane that surrounds the lysosome? || <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> ~Lindsay~

Lindsays project(rap)

Name: Rapper Lindsay and Gangster Maggie Subject: science Catogory: CELLS media type="youtube" key="36I2dXqoHSU" height="344" width="425"

media type="file" key="Lindsay Rap.mp3" width="240" height="20"

Lyrics

hey diddy did you know the cell is something that helps you move and grow

The cell wall is sorta like the rhythm of the song cause it keeps the whole thing together Yo its function is real yall and it helps provide protection and with the vacuole they provide total skeletal support WHAT!!!!!!!!!!

Hey have you heard of this thing called endoplasmic reticulum this organelle has two different parts with my pal the soft one and my enemy the rough one. Even though they feel different dog they got similar jobs I know this its for you now pay attention or fail in school.(yeah). The rough ER has ribosomes around it but the soft one transports those chemical things and protein from the rough ER. Now you know they work like a packaging machine in both cells Whatt!!!!!!!!

This has a weird name yall but it ain't boring it takes materials from the endoplasmic reticulum and makes em functional so they can work hard like the rest of them.

I bet you've heard of this (the nucleus) Yeah yeah it is the brain to the cell just like we have a brain to our body. It controlls the cell and there are molecules inside it. But it's structure has two membranes with fluid filled space. It's inside is made up of thin strans of DNA. Now you know it is important to the cell cause if it wasn't there the cell wouldn't function at all. This lysosome is a membrane bound bag containing a thing called hydolytic enzymes, it makes those ole fat molecules into small molecules that the animal cell can use but not the plant cell. One other thing you should know is the lysosome is a single membrane organelle.

Now this sounds like vacum and hole but it ain't. It's VACUOLE, it lives in the cell with a job to store anything you need to survive and even waste products so that the rest of the cell can survive just like you or me. Then eventually the waste products are semt to detention or out of the cell with a lot of food or water remaining

The cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the cell and is mostly made of that stuff called. UMMMMMM..... UMMMM..... (Hey Homie I think I know whatcha talking about is it water?) Yeah Yeah Yes indeed your so smart your like a deed who apparently grows like a weed. Hey guess what I got my rap back in tap I'm so happy I could buy Gap for my enemy Scap (Word)

Ribosomes are cool I think, they use info from the nucleus we talked about to get materials they need to build good protein. With no membrane has ribonucleic acid Its awesome. It's function is the sight of proteinsynthesis. WORD!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

= Maggie Speaking